This report draws from a retrospective policy analysis study of the role of evidence in the formulation of health policies in Malawi. The purpose of the study was to provide an understanding of the status of evidence use in past health policy formulation processes in the country. This study was part of the Strengthening Capacity to Use Research Evidence in Health Policy (SECURE Health) programme and its purpose was to provide baseline information on the status of evidence use that would contribute to the assessment of the impact of the SECURE Health programme. As such, the study results would be compared to the results of a prospective policy analysis study (to understand the role of evidence in on-going policy formulation processes) to be conducted during the implementation of the SECURE Health programme.